Experiencing U.S. Expansion: Southern Arizona

1. What were the two broad groupings of Native Americans in southern Arizona when the Spanish arrived?

Broad Group 1   Name for Self: O'odham "the people"                  Spanish Name(s): Pima, Papago

Broad Group 2   Name for self: Nnee "the people"                  Spanish Name(s): Apache

2. How did the O’odham show their unwillingness to fully embrace the Spanish missions?
 The O'odham showed their unwillingness to fully embrace the spanish missions by basically not staying on the missions. Some "withdrew to the desert and only visited Spanish settlements in times of need or on the course of their yearly migrations" Overall the O'odham just didn't show full commitment to the change in civilization by not being fully commited to the Spanish missions.

3. Why did Apache groups raid Spanish settlements?
The Apache groups raided Spanish settlements because the Spanish settlements were a new form of resources to them. The Apache groups often had trouble obtaining food, supplies and other things. Most things were very hard for the Apache groups to get and as the reading says "Spanish settlements became a new source for supplies" This is why the Apache groups raided Spanish settlements, in order to get their food and supplies that they needed.


4. What was the cycle of violence?
The cycle of violence all started with the Apache groups raiding Spanish settlements for food. Even though they made sure not to take too much at a time or basically "over-raid" However, even though they didn't take too much at a time, sometimes they did end up killing some of the Spanish people. This ended up starting a cycle of violence because the Spanish "led their first military campaigns against the Apache in the 1690's" because the Spanish were sick of the repeated attacks.


5. How did Spanish and Apache views of the peace created by the establicimientos de paz differ?
In order to create peace among the Apache and the Spanish, they decided that in order for the Apache to settle in the area known as establicimientos de paz they would be expected to help the Spanish fight off some of the Apache groups who were hostile against the Spanish still. Many were settling in this area, and hostile Apache groups were easily overpowered.